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[3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_goose
[4]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck#Feeding
[5]https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40445379
[6]https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/poultry-and-birds/species/duck-raising/brooding-and-rearing
[7]https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/peleca1/cur/introduction
[8]Marchant, Stephen, and Peter Jeffrey Higgins. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic birds. Vol. 1, Ratites to ducks, P. AB. Oxford University Press, 1990.
[9]Elliott, Andrew (1992). "Family Pelecanidae (Pelicans)"
[10]http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/6098678.stm
[11]Daigre, Maximiliano, Paulina Arce, and Alejandro Simeone. "Fledgling Peruvian Pelicans (Pelecanus thagus) attack and consume younger unrelated conspecifics." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124.3 (2012): 603-607.
[12]Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 1, Ratites to Ducks. Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J. (Coordinators). Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. 1990. p. 746.
[13]Johnsgard, Paul A. "Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World, Revised Edition [complete work]." (2010).
[14]https://roaring.earth/pelican-tries-to-eat-a-duck/
[15]https://www.britannica.com/animal/falcon-bird
[16] "All about the Peregrine falcon". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
[17]《猛禽觀察 圖鑑》(全新增訂版)(2020,作者林文宏,繪 者鄭司維,遠流出版)
[18]"Predatory Functional Morphology in Raptors: Interdigital Variation in Talon Size Is Related to Prey Restraint and Immobilisation Technique." By Denver W. Fowler, Elizabeth A. Freedman, John B. Scannella. PLoS ONE, November 25, 2009.